Machiavelli and Renaissance Humanism Free Essays

Renaissance Humanism is characterized as â€Å"a artistic and phonetic development an endeavor to resuscitate old style Latin (and later Greek), just as the qualities and sensibilities that accompanied the language† (Hunt et al, 415). I feel that Machiavelli was a humanist of his period on the grounds that in his composing The Prince, he depended on history to give a handbook to future rulers and sovereigns. Machiavelli drew quite a bit of this manual from his past dealings with government officials and their self-driven governments. We will compose a custom exposition test on Machiavelli and Renaissance Humanism or then again any comparative theme just for you Request Now As I would like to think he composed this manual for as an approach to show future sovereigns that the methods of the past ought to be clung to with the end goal for Italy to recapture its earlier wonder. In The Prince Machiavelli utilizes numerous models from history to show that we have to grasp the past so as to increase a prosperous future. Machiavelli’s, The Prince fills in as a handbook to future rulers with their jobs and duties. Machiavelli starts his handbook with his perspective on august ethics. He contends that all together for an individual to be a decent pioneer and remain in rule he should be a decent individual as well as that â€Å"he must figure out how to not be good† (Lawall et al, 1951) so as to shield himself from anybody attempting to overwhelm his standard. He should consistently be readied and not make himself the â€Å"good guy† constantly. Machiavelli shows that being a decent individual the entirety of the time will just consider the awful individuals to overwhelm the great individuals, â€Å"because any individual who decides to act in all conditions the piece of a decent man must come to destroy among such a large number of who are not good† (Lawall et al, 1951). Machiavelli proceeds to promote his humanistic perspectives on how a sovereign ought to be seen by his kin. He talks about the decisions an individual of intensity has in being â€Å"liberal† (1952) and liberal or parsimonious. He proceeds to state that being too liberal will carry a man of capacity to demolish and that being parsimonious is significant. He clarifies that up to a ruler â€Å"abstains from the property of his residents and subjects† he will pick up the regard of his kin. He proceeds to talk about that a ruler will be increasingly regarded on the off chance that he is living and going through different people’s cash. He examines the models set by Cyrus, Caesar, and Alexander in which they lived off â€Å"plunder, plunder and ransom† (1953). These three rulers were spending the â€Å"money of others† (1953) and in this manner were not harming themselves by spending what was at that point theirs. Machiavelli proceeds to clarify that â€Å"nothing gobbles itself up as quick as does liberality† (1953) on the grounds that when drilled it can prompt destitution and will cause a ruler to need to bring charges which will up in turn welcome scorn on by his kin (1953). Machiavelli additionally talks about the significance of being dreaded and adored just as, being thought of as merciless however empathetic all simultaneously. He utilizes Dido and Borgia as models. Borgia is utilized as the model for brutality. He says that since Borgia was so remorseless his brutality carried flourishing and solidarity to Romagna and consequently was prosperous as a result of the dread that he ingrained in his kin. But since his Senate was too â€Å"compassionate† he lost his clout (1954). Machiavelli likewise clarifies that another sovereign is going to confront a few difficulties and on account of this will be looked to settle on hard choices that could conceivably hurt his notoriety among his kin. Here he utilizes Virgil’s Dido for instance, â€Å"Hard conditions and the freshness of my domain drive me to do such things, and to oversee all my lands† (1954). From these models, Machiavelli is telling his peruser that as a sovereign they should be adaptable and show cold-bloodedness or sympathy when required in any circumstance. Machiavelli proceeds to express that a ruler ought to â€Å"be delayed in accepting and acting, and should make nobody scared of him†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦so that â€Å"too much certainty doesn't make him indiscreet, and an excessive amount of doubt doesn't make him unbearable† (1954). This is the best approach to keep support from his kin and won't walk out on him when hard times arise. Renaissance Humanism is characterized as â€Å"a abstract and phonetic development an endeavor to resuscitate old style Latin (and later Greek), just as the qualities and sensibilities that accompanied the language† (Hunt et al, 415). Machiavelli’s The Prince was basically a handbook for how a Prince ought to depict himself yet could likewise be viewed as an everyday handbook by the regular individuals of his time for they were totally confronted with a similar good choices consistently. Machiavelli utilized The Prince as an entryway to make a good and philosophical guide for all individuals all in all and utilizations models from history to demonstrate that the past should be grasped so as to increase a prosperous future. The most effective method to refer to Machiavelli and Renaissance Humanism, Papers

Various summaries from 5 Leadership articles which I submit to you Essay

Different outlines from 5 Leadership articles which I submit to you - Essay Example This is an issue on the grounds that a negative workforce can have a harming impact on the exhibition of the organization all in all. â€Å"Organizations that have been battling with a negative workforce progressively note a decline in the nature of administration to inside and outside partners, consumer loyalty, efficiency and market share† (125). What criticism does is makes workers be extremely touchy to moving atmospheres inside the hierarchical structure and to see any endeavors at progress as a disappointment in the works. This demeanor nearly ensures the normal outcomes as workers neglect to ‘buy into’ the program activities. What Dreilinger offers in this article, however, are some quite certain means that organizations can take to attempt to beat a portion of these issues. He demonstrates the initial phase in tending to pessimistic workers or a critical organization air is to recognize that it exists. Associations that have effectively pivoted the corporate atmosphere have done as such through what Dreilinger portrays as a five stage process. â€Å"First, they make previous history discussable †and gain from it. Second, they straightforwardly address the inheritance of past change endeavors and do as such without ‘business babble’. Third, they find a way to envision and address unintended and conceivably unfavorable results of new changes. Fourth, they give representatives genuine chances to take an interest in choices about future changes that influence them actually, as opposed to those that basically advantage the organization. Fifth, they impart data by telling workers: what they know and can examine; what they can't talk about; what they don't yet have the foggiest idea; and by asking representatives what else they need to know† (126). Inside this procedure, it tends to be seen that these organizations are legitimately tending to the two fundamental supporters of the advancement of negativity †dread and question. These means are powerful in this

What Can a Global Feminist Book Club Do

What Can a Global Feminist Book Club Do Emma Watson has started her own Goodreads feminist book club and the first book she chose to read is My Life on the Road by Gloria Steinem. Watsons efforts to make feminism into a mainstream conversation have so far been a lot more about pandering to men than the liberation of all women, but the idea of a globally accessible book club where feminist ideas can be discussed could be a useful step for the movement if its done right and with intersectionality in mind. One of Watsons main mistakes with her #HeForShe UN Women campaign is that she, like many white feminists, assumes that sisterhood is already an existing concept between feminist women and that the principal problem is, somehow, that feminists have not extended an invitation to men to be a part of the movement. I could write  at length at how insulting this is to past generations of feminists who have begged and continue to do so men for equality, but for the purposes of this essay I will focus on the issue of sisterhood and how a global feminist book club could move this idea forward. I really like Kum-Kum Bhavanis suggestion that sisterhood  has to be a goal, rather than a starting point.” The societies we inhabit are divisive in several ways: race, gender, class, disability all of these identities and societal positions matter to how we see the world and how we see each other.  If we see gender equality as a global issue that has to be achieved on a global level, those differences become even more complicated: how can I, a Brazilian woman,  really understand what being a black woman in the United States is really like and what actions are needed for equality when I will never have that experience? In the same train of thought, how can an American woman  really understand the nuances of Latin American machismo that I suffer with? Even if all feminist women agree on the urgency of gender equality, there are other dimensions that contribute to the subordination of women globally that will be incomprehensible for many of us. Not because we arent smart enough but because we are limited by who we are but the good news is that we can become unlimited through reading and thats why a global feminist book club could be so useful for  a movement of gender equality. The thing about books is that you can read someone elses perspective and become completely immersed into an experience that is not your own. When you read about a different struggle from your own you start understanding things like privilege and the urgency of social justice. Whether we are reading fiction or non-fiction, reading is an act of escapism so anything outside of our own reality is game: and why not use this incredibly powerful aspect of books to educate people on gender equality and feminism? If this book club was intersectional, it would serve to educate people of all kinds about their own privilege and prejudices. Reading these experiences and understanding them would hopefully bring women together and actually create a global sisterhood. Obviously, I cant say that all women want equality or that all feminists have the same vision of equality but social media has a way of brewing solidarity. Twitter is a great example of this: while a lot of it is filled with violent misogyny and racism, the intersectional feminism part of Twitter can be  full of solidarity and respectful discussion. Maybe I am soft but I believe in the good of people if we motivate it to come out. It would also help in the dissemination and understanding of feminist ideas in general: I feel that intersectionality, for example, is often misunderstood as oppression olympics. It sounds simple: the intersections of who we are construct our oppression. The classic example given by its inventor, Kimberlé Crenshaw, is that of black women, who are oppressed in a triple jeopardy of race, gender and class. Evoking the image of road intersections, Crenshaw argued that women is not a homogeneous group and that recognizing other types of oppression that complement gender oppression is important for the achievement of equality.  This is just the beginning of decades of discussion about the idea of intersectionality: some scholars dont even know if intersectionality is a methodology or a framework of analysis.  How can this be untangled? How can oppression olympics be countered if we use intersectionality as a framework for gender equality? A global feminist discussion board sounds like a g ood start to me. Of course, limitations will always be present: the issue of doing anything globally is that it might not be accessible for large swathes of the global population. Internet access is a major issue, as is language. Not everyone can speak English and anyway why  should the language used be English? And is a book club really intersectional if we dont consider other languages and cultures as part of this global movement? Maybe I am being a bit pedantic here, but equality isnt just about me or you its about everyone. So is Emma Watsons global feminist book club a path of solution to gender inequality? If I am going by her previous mentions of feminism and the first book she is reading, I would say its not. But there is something exciting about the idea of a global feminist book club, something about putting intelligent women and ideas of equality in one space that could result in something good and productive.

Personal Narrative †Life in Jesus Essays - 490 Words

Personal Narrative – Life in Jesus Life. My life rests in the glory of Your son. As it sets behind the distant trees across the lake, You spill Your love over me in the brilliance of the sunset. Reds, pinks, blues, oranges, and purples blend to create a sight beyond my human imagination. Streaks of color illuminate the sky above me and reflect in the lakes still waters. A rugged cross stands with such strength in front of the sunset in remembrance of the One who died to grant us such beauties. Here is where I fell in love with life. Here is where I fell in love with You. This place holds the first summer of my life. Not only did I find You in the daily wonders of Your sunsets, but in the life-giving waters of the lake, in the†¦show more content†¦I scramble to get papers written, lessons planned, books read, meetings attended, people pleased. I cannot remember the feeling that once accompanied the sight. I struggle everyday to remember You and Your glories, but the world is too much with me.. I wonder how I can find the girl who once basked in the warmth on Your sun, took time to hold hands and hug; the girl who knew why she was living and for what. Life. They are so strange, the paths that You lead me along. I find myself in the magnificence of Your sun only to lose myself again to the ways of my world. I am temporarily blind to the scarlet red, fiery orange, and deep purple that once appeared in the sunsets. I forgot how to dance. I forget how to hold the hand of a friend or offer a warm embrace. But I can always remember the image, and yet the image is nothing without Your soothing peace. Life. I waste so much time trying to attain that grade. I spend money on so many things to make myself into someone other than who I am. I think about me, me, me. I want to remember how to waste time gazing at a sunset in awe of You. I want to remember how to take time to laugh, hold hands, hug, kiss, be comfortably silent. I want to remember how to think about You, You, You. I may be far away from my sunset, but I am searching daily for its brilliance and for You. Though the shores I once danced upon are sleeping, and winter snow blankets theShow MoreRelatedSimilarities And Differences Of The Gospels Of Matthew And Luke1514 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent perspectives or that they contradict one another by certain events being mentioned in one birth narrative but not the other. Different aspects of both of these birth narratives such as the way Matthew and Luke treat Mary, the extent to which they use the Old Testament and the audience to whom they are writing to reveals the authors’ agenda as they allow their culture and own personal beliefs to influence what they write. These factors could be argued to have an effect on the historical authenticityRead MoreBiblical Discourse : The Peaceable Kingdom By Stanley Hauerwas936 Words   |  4 Pagesof John 6 (King James Version), Jesus ministers and teaches throngs of people. After teaching, He perfor med a miracle so that the crowd. After all had eaten Jesus advised his disciples with these words, â€Å"When they were filled, he said unto his disciples, Gather up the fragments that remain, that nothing be lost (Bible Hub).† It was Jesus’ desire that the fragments of the meal be collected and not wasted. Jesus wants the same for his children in all areas of life, especially in the area of ethicsRead MoreThe Greatest Question For Today s Christian1212 Words   |  5 Pageschurch today needs to be to recover the true fullness of God’s narrative and importance of its life in the world. The church today struggles to differentiate God’s narrative with our narrative. The church teaches about my redemption story and how I as the individual am saved. While this is all good and true, the bigger story reaches far beyond that. When Christ became man, all things in heaven and on earth were changed forevermore. Jesus did not simply step into humanity for a visit. He became fleshRead MoreMajor Traditions Of Western Theology Essay1608 Words   |  7 Pagesof Christianity (as opposed to only Jesus). These beliefs are applied to all of creation and domains of life, not just spiritual matters. The Anabaptist tradition is not characterized by a distinctive theology, but shaped by the communal living out of implicit beliefs. Believing that the Reformation did not do enough to restore a NT perspective on Christ and the Apostles, the Anabaptists built their tradition on a strong conviction to follow the teachings of Jesus, especially as it pertained to communalRead MoreStudy Of The Gospel Of Matthew Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesAfter his brief self-introduction, he began his presentation with an overview of the Gospel of Matthew, followed by a more elaborated narrative summarizing the gospel, and he finished with brief closing remarks. Throughout this enthusiastic presentation, Dr. Dunaway made reference to remarks by multiple prominent commentators, which added substance to his narrative, even though none were explicitly stated upfront. In this summary, I will follow the same general outline he used in his presentationRead More Augustines Confessions Paper1340 Words   |  6 Pagesthe word narrative. Confessions seem to be more of something stated directly without any story-like element. They are also a more personal thing- one does not simply put them in a story form unless purposely intending to do so, because usually it is something that expresses guilt for something personal or is between the author and their conscience (or perhaps to themselves). However, there can always be an exception, like Augustines Confessions. It is written as a form of a narrative, even thoughRead MoreWhat Good Have I Done Today?921 Words   |  4 Pagesself-made, better man. He includes his daily, jam-packed schedule and guidelines noting that every evening each man should ask himself: â€Å"what good have I done today?† (Franklin 87). He also advocates rising and going to bed early. Throughout his narrative, Equiano shares ti dbits of religious faith with the reader, encouraging the reader to find salvation in Christianity; he mentions how good the lord had been to him, as he treated him â€Å"better (to me) than I deserved†(Equiano 196). In this mannerRead MoreWho Is Jesus? God s Christ?1359 Words   |  6 Pages Who is Jesus? In Matthew 16:13-20 Jesus asked his disciples, â€Å"Who do people say the Son of Man is? Who do you say I am?† He is God s Christ, the one anointed to manifest God s salvation and His kingdom but how have people discerned this from his ministry? Confessing that Jesus is the peoples Messiah is easy within the confines of a church but it is not so easy when we are placed before the unbelieving, those who hold contrary authorities in high regard.He is more than simply a greatRead MoreEssay about The Romans and Christianity979 Words   |  4 PagesThen and now religions shared common dimensions that provide society with a doctrine, narrative, ethics, ritual, experience and a social institution. These six dimensions that Ninian Smart derived spell out the framework for comparative study of religions1. The six dimensions hold true when comparing the daily routine Roman religious thought to modern Christianity. Interwoven into the core of both cultures is a strong unifying spirit that built a strong communal bond for its people. For the RomansRead MoreEssay about Beowulf as a Messianic Narrative1027 Words   |  5 PagesBeowulf as a messianic narrative has been a subject of great controversy. Given the time period, ‘Christianity’ was not completely established, and it was entwined with cultural paganism, as seen woven throughout the text. The definition of a messianic narrative (containing the ultimate messianic figure) is found in Isaiah 53, a prophecy spoken by God through the Hebrew prophet Isaiah. This is the standard to which Beowulf must be compared to determination the nature of the poem. Many scholars such

My Mother s Experiences That Changed My Life - 2261 Words

Before this assignment began, I thought about a powerful woman in my life that was influential to me and had gone through a lot. Many women struggle in the world with such things as family, education, and being in the work force and are often times undervalued. Many things that happen in life can affect women’s thoughts, feelings, emotions, actions, and finances. I chose my mother, Ellen Murphy, to discuss how certain events throughout her life had affected her with all of those that I listed. My mother’s experiences of adopting two children from another country, was a special education teacher, divorced my father, and grew up with supportive parents have all affected her life decisions with herself and with her children in both negative and positive ways as a woman. The first question I asked her was how old are you and what her job was and what degree she needed to be in that field. She is 51 and her job is a special education teacher with a primary unit of students w ith multiple disabilities and medically fragile in grades k-3. It is required to have a bachelor’s degree in science and education. Also, she received her master’s degree in teaching students with learning disabilities. She said that her career path had affected the rest of her life in many different areas. Next, I asked her whether or not her parents were supportive of going to college or not and if so who paid for college. Her parents paid for all of her schooling and her parents were very supportive andShow MoreRelatedMy Experience With My Own Life1551 Words   |  7 Pagesare personalities that come naturally, but many are nurtured through experiences one has. Through my own life experiences from what I consider a decent, normal childhood into now a happy grown adult. Many of my personalities have remained the same while other parts have changed as has life changed especially since becoming a mother. Now, the experiences and personalities I’ll further describe are from my viewpoint and if you ask my friends or family members their opinions it may change slightly. AsRead MoreWho I Am I?1472 Words   |  6 PagesLebanese has made me the person that I am today and it has impacted my life greatly. I did a little research to find out all that I could about my family s history. I spoke with my Grandmother on my dad s side who told me that her mother was born in Lebanon. She came to the U.S. when she was 14 years old with her father, brother and two sisters. They came through Ellis Island and started a new life in New Brunswick, New Jersey. My Grandmother married another Lebanese whom she met while living inRead MoreMy Mother Is My Friend928 Words   |  4 PagesOn August 25,1995, my mother,Janet Davis gave birth to a beautiful baby girl. I grew up with all of the love and affection that I needed. I was grateful for everything I had and never asked for more. My younger childhood was spent playing, and sometimes getting in trouble, with my big brother Stanley Scott Jr. When I was a child both of my parents inspired me, nevertheless, my mother is my inspiration. With 20 years of experience that has still not changed. My mother grew up in Indianola, MississippiRead MoreExtremely Loud Incredibly Close By Oskar Schell991 Words   |  4 PagesLoud Incredibly Close â€Å"A father s death is the most important event, the more heartbreaking and poignant loss in a man s life† -Sigmund Freud. Fathers make important contribution to their children s well being. Oskar Schell is a nine-year-old boy that lost his dad father, Thomas Schell, in the explosion of the World Trade Center at September 11, 2001. The accident affected his mental state causing him depression and tramas. Consequently, his worldview has changed then he goes in a journey to discoverRead MoreA Mothers Love Lost869 Words   |  4 PagesA mothers love lost Having a mother s love is like an essential part of staying alive. Without a mother s love it’s kind of hard to survive the unbarring trials that life has to throw at you. I have been struggling without the love of my mother for about nine and a half years and not one thing has changed. I’m still upset about the fact where I use to have days filled with love and laughter to days that are now filled with unwanted tears and regret. This is an emotional essay of the things thatRead MoreMy Mother Has Been The Primary Caregiver1656 Words   |  7 PagesMy mother has been the primary caregiver to myself and my sister who is two years older. My mother was a single parent, who worked two to three jobs at a time, which did in a way affect our experiences throughout childhood. I cannot remember my childhood from when I was very little but do have memories from the age of 5 and onward. As I child, I remember having the opportunity to explore the outdoors around me. These explorin g adventures had the appropriate supervision if it was needed; however IRead MoreMy Childhood Journey1008 Words   |  5 PagesAs I reflect on my childhood, what seemed to be unforgettable memories have started to become imperceptible. Recollecting my thoughts, I shut my eyes in silence, focusing, when I abruptly overhear my fathers stern instruction. Karen, you have worked exceedingly hard to get where you are today- His gruff voice continued. Now get out there and make me proud. Opening my eyes once more, the familiar green turf flooded my vision, the young children wearing bright uniforms scattered across the fieldRead MoreFamily Structure And Family Values Essay1505 Words   |  7 PagesOver the years, family structure and a families morals and values has changed drastically from generation to generation. From a families core values to women not working in the workforce to women making up a good chunk of our current workforce, to even the norms of dating and the roles of reli gion and culture in a family. times now are significantly different than they use to be. With technology a new driving force interfering with families and the world altogether, their have been many adaptationsRead MoreMost Memorable Experience In My Life1490 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many memorable critical occasions that I encountered throughout my life. However, these occasions played a great role in helping me to find what I want to accomplish in my future life. The most vivid memories I had as a child were my most traumatic. These are when my mother and grandmother were diagnosed with cancer when I was in Ethiopia. After three years, my mother suffered from a horrible headache that sent her to the hospital and that was when she found out that she was diagnosed withRead MoreYou Are Not The Same As You Were Before1357 Words   |  6 Pagesunderstand why he said that. It was during a rough time for me, as my most beloved grandmother was battling cancer. She had a tumor in he r brain that could not be operated on. She was also in the process of chemotherapies. For those who have not had an experience like this with a family member, I must say that it is very difficult for the person who has cancer but also for the people around them. My grandmother was like my second mother, she was always cheerful and positive †¦ she was a warrior. During

Plants Free Essays

Plants begin their lives in the form of seeds. The embryo inside the seed is considered as the next sexual generation of plants. Seed germination is an important phase in plant’s life. We will write a custom essay sample on Plants or any similar topic only for you Order Now Successful seed germination is vital in every reproducing species in order to perpetuate itself. By definition seed germination is when the dry seeds shed from its parent plant, takes up water and is completed when the embryonic root visibly emerges through the outer structure of the seed (seed coat) (Hasanuzzaman et., al. 2013). Bewley (1997) described that it includes different events that commence with the uptake of water by the quiescent dry seed and terminate with the elongation of the embryonic axis. The visible sign that germination is complete is usually the penetration of the structures surrounding the embryo by the radicle (radicle protrusion). Several authors had reported the importance of germination in the life cycle of plant. According to Hubbard et., al (2012) this stage in the life cycle of the plant is considered as a critical event as germination is the first step in determining the survival rate of the crop thereby affecting its productivity. Meanwhile Donohue et., al. (2010) reported that seed germination is an important developmental phase change in the plant life cycle, which plays critical roles in seedlings establishment and consequently in environmental adaptation. The process of seed germination involves several complex processes and activation of the seeds metabolic pathways which eventually leads to the emergence of newly grown generation of plants. Many of the specific biochemical and physiological processes which characterize germinating seeds, particularly those occurring in storage organs, are special during this stage (Bewley and Black 1994). Knowledge of the germination process and of the seedling establishment and development, involving morphological, physiological, biochemical as well as molecular mechanisms and features is of essential importance for taxonomic, ecological and agronomic studies of certain plants. There are several different gene expression that underlies plant development, the relative specificity of these processes suggests that distinct gene sets are activated and repressed during this stage. The reaction between activation of essential enzymes, sequential release of hormones and the energy relations of the process during seed germination are very significant in understanding the appropriate establishment of plant for its adaptation. Identifying these genes and defining mechanisms involved in regulating their expression will aid in understanding the control of germination-specific mechanisms. This review will provide an overview on the mechanism of gene expression in mainly in angiosperm plant. The different genes expressed in embryos and seedlings will also be tackled A brief description of on the hormonal changes and hormonal balance that triggers or promotes gene expression during germination is also discussed in this paper. How to cite Plants, Papers

Plants Free Essays

Plants begin their lives in the form of seeds. The embryo inside the seed is considered as the next sexual generation of plants. Seed germination is an important phase in plant’s life. We will write a custom essay sample on Plants or any similar topic only for you Order Now Successful seed germination is vital in every reproducing species in order to perpetuate itself. By definition seed germination is when the dry seeds shed from its parent plant, takes up water and is completed when the embryonic root visibly emerges through the outer structure of the seed (seed coat) (Hasanuzzaman et., al. 2013). Bewley (1997) described that it includes different events that commence with the uptake of water by the quiescent dry seed and terminate with the elongation of the embryonic axis. The visible sign that germination is complete is usually the penetration of the structures surrounding the embryo by the radicle (radicle protrusion). Several authors had reported the importance of germination in the life cycle of plant. According to Hubbard et., al (2012) this stage in the life cycle of the plant is considered as a critical event as germination is the first step in determining the survival rate of the crop thereby affecting its productivity. Meanwhile Donohue et., al. (2010) reported that seed germination is an important developmental phase change in the plant life cycle, which plays critical roles in seedlings establishment and consequently in environmental adaptation. The process of seed germination involves several complex processes and activation of the seeds metabolic pathways which eventually leads to the emergence of newly grown generation of plants. Many of the specific biochemical and physiological processes which characterize germinating seeds, particularly those occurring in storage organs, are special during this stage (Bewley and Black 1994). Knowledge of the germination process and of the seedling establishment and development, involving morphological, physiological, biochemical as well as molecular mechanisms and features is of essential importance for taxonomic, ecological and agronomic studies of certain plants. There are several different gene expression that underlies plant development, the relative specificity of these processes suggests that distinct gene sets are activated and repressed during this stage. The reaction between activation of essential enzymes, sequential release of hormones and the energy relations of the process during seed germination are very significant in understanding the appropriate establishment of plant for its adaptation. Identifying these genes and defining mechanisms involved in regulating their expression will aid in understanding the control of germination-specific mechanisms. This review will provide an overview on the mechanism of gene expression in mainly in angiosperm plant. The different genes expressed in embryos and seedlings will also be tackled A brief description of on the hormonal changes and hormonal balance that triggers or promotes gene expression during germination is also discussed in this paper. How to cite Plants, Papers

It was a warm summer day when his life turned upside down Essay Example For Students

It was a warm summer day when his life turned upside down Essay It was a warm summer day when his life turned upside down. He and some friends had been enjoying some delicious pizza you could only find at privately owned Italian restaurants. They took advantage of the luxurious warmth and sat on the front patio where they could watch people pass by on the busy Bloor Street. But soon the sunshine was cast aside, and as with most hot humid days the bright blue sky was overtaken with black masses. They were just finishing the last slice when a crash from the sky seemed to let loose an ocean of water. You look like drowned rats! exclaimed the owner with much amusement as they tore inside. Thats some fucked up weather, laughed one friend while examining his now see-through shirt. But he was no longer paying attention. His eyes had been diverted to a young woman who had just walked in. Her long brown hair, dripping wet and tousled, gave her a wild, untamed look. Her almond-shaped green eyes were captivating, and could lure anyone in who dared stare at them too long. Her heart shaped face didnt have a single blemish. His heart fluttered at a rate that must be unhealthy, and his breath was taken away by the amazing creature that stood before him. Yet at the same time his heart dropped and he felt sadness and regret wash over him as he realised the hushed words and party gossip had been true. Her eyes had lost their sharpness and were dull and blood-shot. Her hair had been slightly askew as she had ran in, a tell tale sign that her hair was not real. Her cheeks no longer had their adorable roundness and she looked as if she had lost at least 30 pounds. She walked with a slight limp. He never knew someone could change so much in two years. He never knew that after not seeing someone for so long that feelings long buried and forgotten could come back to you with such an over-whelming force his knees felt weak. She smiled a crisp smile of recognition, which revealed small creases in her young face. Creases that told the truth of a year of suffering, though the lips might tell other lies. Hey, how have you been? he asked, praying she would tell the truth and not just answer with a simple fine. Fine. Thats really great to hear, what have you been up to? A lot of stuff. She averted his eyes when she talked to him, talking past him, as if the wall behind him was a more interesting conversationalist. Thats cool. And you? Not really anything to tell you the truth. Im still in school, still working at Ponderosa. She smiled at the wall. Thats nice. He didnt want to continue this agonizingly meaningless small talk. He wanted to hold her and tell her it would be all right, that she could beat this disease that had consumed her body  until there was hardly anything left. He wanted to say call me when it hurts too much, call me when you feel like giving up, just call me and it will be all right. But that sort of talk wasnt allowed during a chance-meeting encounter with an ex two years after youd last spoken. All that was allowed was small talk. Horrible, un-fulfilling small talk. Are you okay Jetta? he blurted out. She giggled nervously. Yeah, just a bit wet, why? Some friends have been telling me that you havent been okay. .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46 , .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46 .postImageUrl , .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46 , .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46:hover , .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46:visited , .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46:active { border:0!important; } .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46:active , .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46 .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucb7ea371b80109027d3c88a55f44bf46:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: American Airlines Swot Analysis EssayAnd what friends would this be? her arms crossed her chest and she took a step back, but she allowed her gaze to meet his eyes. She saw the concern, the pity that she loathed. She was a walking contradiction, she cried at night because no one cared but she grew defensive when someone showed concern. Just some people, does it really matter? No, I guess it doesnt. She tried to remember the bitter words he had hurled at her during their last meeting, tried to remember the pain he had caused her, yet she couldnt repress the feeling that he was somehow right for her. Maybe it wasnt too lateà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ A throbbing in her skull brought her back to earth and she remembered how she had promised herself never to become involved with someone because she knew there was no possible future. I have cancer, she blurted out, and returned her gaze to the wall. I know, he said softly, placing an arm on her shoulder. And Im going to die. Im going to die soon, her voice trembled with tears restricted to nights alone in her room. He nodded. So I cant get involved with anyone, cant start any kind of relationship or try to fix any past mistakes. Theres no time. He thought his response out carefully before responding. Are you alive now? Yeah, obviously, she laughed through the tears she had allowed to well up in her eyes. Then theres still time, isnt there? His friends observed in amazement as a guy they thought they knew was hugged and kissed by a frail-looking girl whom would spend the last of her days with him by her side.

Advancements In Computers In The Last Ten Years Essays -

Advancements In Computers In The Last Ten Years Advancements in Computers in the Last Ten Years English 11 Hour 6 Mrs.Winn March 21, 2001 Lipske 2 Computers date back all the way to 300B.C. with the invention of the abacus. This was a calculating devise to do math and it made the people of that time lives a lot easier. That is what the computers of today do but so much more. I will start at the basics of computers while trying not to boar you. The first real computer that actually made calculations was the ENIAC that was made by the government in 1943. It costed $500,000, weighed over 30 tons, had 19,000 vacuum tubes, and consumed almost 200 kilowatts of electricity (computer chronicles 8). Now we have advanced to laptops that are one inch thick and 15 inches wide and can do a lot more than the ENIAC could. There have been thousands of advancements and new technology in computers in the last ten years but I am only going to skim the tip of the iceberg. In 1990, there were tons of new computers and new software but the big issues were the new processors that were super fast for their time. They could go at speeds up to 33mhz, which is how fast your computer brings things up on the screen. In 1991 Microsoft come out with a version 5.0 MS-DOS mode which gave computers more space to run their programs. Lipske 3 Also in 1991, Intel introduced a 50mhz microprocessor, which kill its other 33mhz processor of last year. Then a few months later MIPS Technologies come out with a 100mhz processor which started to make the processor group of the computer a very competitive area to come up with new technology for. In addition Hewlett-Packard Co. made the very first color scanner that could scan whatever you wanted and put it into your hard drive. 1991 was a big year for new technology in computers but thats not all. Pixar began to work with Walt Disney Company to make a film that was completely computer animated and eventually come up with the movie toy story. In 1992 there were three major changes in computers and the technology. First Microsoft stock reached a record high for a computer stock ever and peaked at $113 a share that year. Next Microsoft shipped its 3.1 version of window and it is a big hit and was the most abundant program on the earth. Next there was a big separation of powers that was IBM, Microsoft signed a divorce, and IBM became its own company. Lipske 4 1992 the divorce between Microsoft and IBM was the big factor of the year and you will see why in 1993. In early January of 1993, IBM reports a huge loss of $4.96 billion, which almost put the company down and out but not yet. Then in March of that year Intel came out with their fastest processor which was called the Pentium processor which ran at 200mhz. In 1993 you could see what a huge loss IBM took after getting away from the powerhouse called Microsoft. 1994 was a very slow year for all companies and technology for them. The only major thing that happened was Novell bought the Word Perfect Corporation for U.S. at $850 million. Also that the faster processor race was still on. 1995 was another big year especially for Microsoft. Microsoft releases Windows 95, which is the Windows that I am typing this on and in 95 was a break threw because of its graphics and easy use. Next Sony electronics releases PlayStation, which was built with a small computer in it for video games. Lipske 5 In addition, Apple computers released the first laser printer which was faster than the DeskJet printers and a was a better quality of clearness printed. 1995 became a really big year for the faster processor! 1996 was another slow year but the race for the faster processor was still on. However, there was one big push ahead with Microsoft making the Internet Explorer 3.0. Which mad the Internet at your own house organized and made a search engine. 1997 Microsoft bought WebTV for $425 million which made the Internet easy to use

Why plagiarism doesnt pay - Emphasis

Why plagiarism doesnt pay Why plagiarism doesnt pay Here are the plagiarists of Internet Town With Ctrl+C and clattering keys They prowl and creep when you’re asleep   And take whatever they please. Sounds good, right? They aren’t my words though: we lifted them from Allan Ahlberg’s Cops and Robbers, then made a couple of tweaks. These days, pinching stuff from the internet is all the rage, simply because it’s (a) incredibly easy and (b) a short-cut to mountains of free web content. Obviously, plagiarism is unethical. We all know that text or images taken from another source should be properly attributed, in a footnote or through ‘quote marks’. But ethics aside, plagiarism is simply bad business. Ello ello, whats going on here? Let’s say that you copy and paste a chunk of text from a website into your own report, press release or company brochure. It may look good. It may read well. But the basic fact is, people will notice. Stolen goods – in writing just as at a car-boot sale – stand out. If they find your content via a search engine, they’ll immediately see that yours is not the only site to carry the text in question. If they’re editors and run plagiarism software (such as Turnitin or iThenticate), they’ll quickly see through your sleight-of-mouse. Most importantly, copied text stands out to anyone who pays enough attention to your writing (and if people aren’t paying enough attention to your writing, you’ve got a whole other problem). Changes in tone, style, vocabulary and voice register with readers, even if they don’t realise it. It makes for a bumpy ride. It makes the reader less comfortable with your content. And it makes them less likely either to sympathise with you or believe you (or ‘you’). OK, so you think again, and go to what we might call ‘level 2’ plagiarism. You rip off, but you re-write. You change maybe one word in ten, alter ‘cannot’ to ‘can’t’, cut out a handful of adverbs. Presto! ‘New’ content. There are two problems here. Which of the two you encounter depends on how good a writer you are. Problem one: the hybrid In the first case, you wade in, thesaurus in hand, and make a terrible hash of the job. You lack the technical knowledge to amend the text appropriately (which is probably why you stole it in the first place). A synonym in the wrong hands can be a dangerous thing – and the results are likely to both point up your obvious attempt to plagiarise and cause the reader great amusement/frustration. I’ve encountered these weird hybrids in the wild many times. Let’s create one at random. Here’s the original text: The potential loss on a short sale is theoretically unlimited in the event of an unlimited rise in the price of the instrument; however, in practice, the short seller will be required to post margin or collateral to cover losses, and any inability to do so on a timely basis would cause its broker or counterparty to liquidate the position. That’s from Wikipedia’s page on ‘short-selling’, a financial concept chosen at random from the almost infinite number of topics about which I know nothing. We want to use this content in our report, but we don’t want anyone to know that we purloined it. Right – where’s that thesaurus? The would-be slaughter on a dumpy auction is tentatively on tap in the event of an infinite augment in the consequences of the utensil Hmm. Perhaps this isn’t the best approach after all. This example may seem far-fetched (it was done using MS Word’s ‘thesaurus’ tool, by the way), but I have come across real-life examples that are just as bizarre. It’s what comes of failing to show sufficient respect for the process of writing – of imagining that one word is just as good as another, that writing skills can be bluffed and technical know-how mimicked without consequence. The consequence is, of course, that the shortcomings you hoped to conceal by appropriating another’s work are laid bare. In the end, it undermines your reputation, rather than enhancing it. In this case, shortcuts just won’t cut it. Expertise is what you need, and if you don’t have it yourself, you’re better off buying it in than trying to rip it off. Problem two: the long shortcut And this is where the second problem comes in. Perhaps you do have the knowledge to make the necessary amendments without turning the content into a laughing stock. Perhaps you know that ‘short-selling’ might be better replaced with ‘going short’ or ‘shorting’ than with ‘dumpy auction’. Clever you! But then in that case, why are you copying content in the first place? More often than not you’ll find that, by the time you’ve re-worked a sentence to eliminate every trace of the original, you’ve used just as much time and effort as if you’d bitten the bullet and written it yourself. It reminds me of the story of the boy who tried to cheat in his exams by writing the answers on his shirt cuff. By the time he’d done that, he’d memorised them all anyway. This is a confidence issue. You have to remember that, very often, if you’re good enough to fake it, you’re good enough to do it for real. Ultimately, even if you’re prepared to ruthlessly jettison what they taught you at school about stealing being wrong, it’s still seldom a good idea. If you do it badly, you’ll get caught – and if you do it well enough not to get caught, it probably wasn’t worth doing it in the first place.

Commercial Property Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Commercial Property Law - Essay Example Any conflict between the parties shall be resolved in consonance with the tenor of the contract, the spirit and letter of the relevant laws as well as applying common law principles and judicial interpretation rendered by courts or tribunals on similar issues. The interpretation of the parties’ rights and obligation in contractual relationships vary and oftentimes the interest of one party may cloud its judgment thus it is important that independent minds should offer impartial opinions to aid the parties in making informed decisions. It is in this context that our firm was commissioned by Tomes Limited (Tomes) to evaluate its standing in a leasehold agreement whether its posturing against the landlord is valid. The account was assigned to me for appropriate action. II. Factual Background The leasehold contract over an Old Victorian Townhouse was constituted on 1 April 1997 for a period of twenty five years where rent review shall be made at the end of the 5th, 10th and 15th y ears of the term provided that such intention is communicated to the tenant within the 5th, 10th and 15th years. The break clause option is available to either party provided that notice shall be given to the other party during the first six months of the 15th year. The leasehold states that the â€Å"tenant shall put and keep the premises in tenantable repair to include the decorations, wall-surfaces, window frames, glazing, and casements.† The Landlord and Tenant Act 1954 shall be applicable as no effort to exclude its operation was undertaken by the parties. Tomes assumed the lease three years ago and utilizes the demised premises as a book shop—an activity which is not prohibited by the user clause. Its peaceful occupation of the demised properly was interrupted when the landlord demanded that Tomes undertake repair on the cracks in the corners of and right across all the ceilings after a structural inspection revealed that cracking has been caused by flexion of fl oor joists induced by the load imposed by book shelves. The engineer who conducted the structural investigation concluded that the joists may not have been permanently damaged by the load but nonetheless recommends the installation of steel reinforcement of the joists in the floor voids along with load reduction as the upper floors are not particularly well suited to the demands of book storage. III. The Opposing Views The controversy escalated when the landlord insisted that the reinforcement works as recommended by the engineer should be executed by Tomes pursuant to the repairing covenant and its obligation to repair any damage to the demised premises caused by it. The landlord further argues that without the works, the premises cannot properly be used as a book shop. Tomes disagrees claiming that the repairing covenant covers only cosmetic facade and the installation of steel reinforcement cannot be characterized simply as a cosmetic enhancement but one that requires structural repair. Tomes further refuted the move of the landlord for rent review as the review was not timely initiated within the period specified in the leasehold thus estoppel set in. Tomes suspects that the persistence of the landlord to ascribe fault against it is brought about by his recent acquisition of the controlling share in Volumes Limited (Volumes for brevity), a specialist book-seller which needs new retail premises. It would appear that the landlord wants to get Tomes out of the way to install Volumes in the premises

Transforming Complaints into Commitments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Transforming Complaints into Commitments - Essay Example I, therefore, came up with a plan that I believed would be the best solution. My plan was to call a Towing company whenever I found a car parked in my space. I was, however, concerned about my safety and that of my property. I assumed that if I call the towing company to tow people’s cars away, they might get angry and vandalize my car, especially because of the expensive tow bills. The people might also turn their anger on me. I developed a different way to deal with the issue. My solution was to talk to the apartment management to place a bigger sign telling people that the parking space was reserved. I noticed that some did not notice that it was a reserved parking space. I am also willing to politely tell people to stop parking on other people’s spaces whenever I see them. Course concepts used are values and assumptions. Values are my beliefs on what is right or wrong. My values guided my decision making since it made me think of solving the problem. I developed an improved way of dealing with the situation. Because of my values, that is, the other people should respect my rights, I thought of involving the towing company. My values influenced my assumptions for I thought of the effect the expense of towing a car would have on their owners. My values influenced my decision. I believe in what is right, but I also value peace. Towing the cars could solve the problem, but it could create another more serious problem. The people could get angry, and this could put my life in danger. They could even decide to vandalize my car. I, therefore, thought of more modest risk. This was communicating with the people to let them know about my parking space. This would yield almost the same results, but was a more modest way. I used assumptions to guide my decision making on a modest way to deal with the issue. I first thought of a solution which would work, which was to call a

HRM Best Practice and Fit Approach

HRM Best Practice and Fit Approach The discussion between promoters of best practice and best fit approaches has sparked widespread controversy in the human resource management (HRM) area. The topic has gained much scholarly attention because it not only addresses a theoretical controversy but also possesses a high degree of practical managerial significance. The essay has the aim to analyse best practice and best fit approaches in HRM of a multinational enterprise. The reader receives insight into Lincoln Electrics organization through a case-study analysis of practical HR approaches serving as a basis for developing practical managerial implications in the last part of the paper. 2. Critical evaluation of best practice and best fit practices in HRM 2.1 Best practice approach The best practice approach claims that certain bundles of HR activities exist which universally support companies in reaching a competitive advantage regardless of the organizational setting or industry (Redman and Wilkinson 2009). Best practice models imply a close connection between HR practices and organizational performance and are often associated with high commitment management (Paauwe Boselie 2003). Empirical research in the best-practice field shows similar groups of HR polices which are especially suitable for maximizing performance irrespective of market and product strategies (Peffer 1998, Guest 2000). Best practice bundles of activities are characterized as mutually compatible HR activities which forge high levels of workforce competence, encourage motivation and introduce a workdesign boosting employee commitment (Maloney and Morris 2005). Based on concepts from expectancy theory (Vroom 1964, Lawler 1971) best practice HR will result in higher levels of quality, product ivity and low rates of absenteeism and wastage (Guest 2000). The best practice approach suffers from a series of limitations. Firstly, when implementing best practice standards organizations run risk of introducing mutually prohibitive combinations like team working and compensation based on individual performance resulting in a deterioration of employee collaboration through overexaggerated competition (Delery 1998 in Redman and Wilkinson 2009). Secondly, high commitment management systems are generally a complex undertaking requiring large inputs of planning and top level management commitment. Thirdly, critics like Milkovich and Newman (2002) argue that best practice HR lacks direct linkages with organizational strategies and is minted by the belief that outstanding high performing human resources will influence strategy. By making HR policy precede corporate strategy an organization risks prescribing standardized sets of one size fits all best practice approaches which will not support the particular needs of employees and be detrimental t o overall strategic objectives (Maloney and Morris 2005). Fourthly, discussions with regard to the appropriate choice of best practice measures resulting from an insufficient research methodology and theoretical definition exist (Marchington and Grugulis 2000 in Redman and Wilkinson 2009). 2.2 Best fit approach The best-fit model is considered as a variant from precedent models of Harvard, Michigan and York and is called matching model for HRM (Sparrow and Hiltrop 1994). It is based on developing HRM policies according to business strategy. Strategy involves planning future activities, performances objectives, and policies towards reaching the corporate aims. HRM strategy should be designed and applied to support the given corporate strategy (Lawler 1995). The best-fit approach questions the universality assumption of the best-practice perspective. It emphasizes contingency fit between HR activities and the organizations stage of development, an organizations internal structures and its external environment like clients, suppliers, competition and labour markets (Redman and Wilkinson 2009). HR policy should be minted by the appropriate context of individual employees and therefore support the overall competitive strategy. Aligning HRM practices to strategies can enable companies to create p otential competitive advantages (Schuler and Jackson 1987 in Redman and Wilkinson 2009). The best fit approach is also subject to sever criticism. Firstly, Boxall and Purcell (2003) criticizes that in a changing business environment companies and their strategies are subject to multiple alternating contingences and that it is merely possible to adjust entire HR systems to new challenges frequently. Secondly, as companies move through their life-cycle HR practices have to be aligned which leads to an alternating treatment of employees which can have a demotivating effect and show inconsistency in corporate culture (Boxall and Purcell 2003). 3. Analysis of Lincoln Electrics HRM approach 3.1 Evaluation: Best practice or best fit approach in certain HR practices 3.1.1 Selection practices For the hiring of its U.S. workforce Lincoln Electronic is applying best practice methods as it pursues a selective employment approach aiming at attracting skilled personnel that can connect to the companies high performance ethic and live up to quality standards. New hires have to pass a three-month probation period and prove their work dedication in trainee programme (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). For the established U.S. operations promoting experienced employees from within can be regarded as an element of best fit approach of aligning HR goals with corporate quality strategy (Lawler 1995). It is coherent with Lincolns strategy of binding the best employees and rewarding them for their long-term achievements with responsibility thus keeping its intellectual capital and ensuring a sustainable competitive advantage in fields of performance, knowledge and quality. In the international management Lincoln made the mistake of relying too much on inexperienced U.S. managers from within a nd only after the disaster of the international subsidiaries started to move from its unitary strategy towards a more responsive best fit approach to external environmental by hiring more internationally experienced external managers in China and Europe which fits the international expansion strategy (Hastings 1999). In its Chinese recruitment it adapts to the Chinese labor market by personally promoting and introducing prospective employees through senior management to identify personalities who can live up to performance, education and quality requirements applying a best fit approach (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). This is in line with common relationship and social network oriented selection practices in China (Warner 2005). 3.1.2 Training practices Lincoln is applying a best fit strategy which aims at enhancing employees abilities, technical and business knowledge through a significant investment in globally recognized best practice training methods (Marchington Grugulis 2000). Examples are a sophisticated trainee program for sales and engineering trainees, constant vocational trainings for experienced workers and regular work certification programs (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). These actions aim at supporting and maintaining the superior efficiency objectives creating core competences compared to industry rivals and a competitive advantage. Lincolns approach to training employees resembles the immersion training conducted by Toyota which also conducts extensive investment in workers qualifications to achieve highest productivity and quality (Spear, 2004). 3.1.3 Reward system The reward system which has been invented by founder James Lincoln is at the core of the successful individual performance working system. In the US, Lincoln employs a highly compensated piece-work system which is linked to individual employee performance based on a multitude of work-related factors (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). The reward system is able to motivate employees for achieving commitment through a remuneration which is at the top of its industry (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). Payment system possesses clear management commitment and is seen as the key for achieving outstanding employee commitment leading to advantages in costs, productivity and quality (Hastings 1999). Group collaboration within the company is created through specific bonus pools which are allotted to work group performance. The bonuses are then distributed to the members of that group according to their quantified relative performance on the semi-annual merit rating based on factors like idea generation, qu ality, reliability, dependability and output (Milgram Roberts 1995). Employees are closely bound to the organization through a long-term stockpurchase plan as part of their remuneration making them entrepreneurs at their workplace (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). Classification of the reward system in one of the HRM approaches is ambiguous. Lincoln invented the individual performance-system as the major component towards developing its employees for becoming its core strength through an unbeatable motivation and quality-drive (Milgram Roberts 1995). This is the utilization of the best fit approach minting HR towards organizational strategic objectives. The performance payment system has proven immensely successful becoming an internal best practice. Empirical studies by MacMillan and Schuler (1984) confirm the success of individual performance- pay with end-of-year bonuses at US bearings company Baimco and at the aviation company PEOPLexpress. For its global operations Lincoln is forc ed to abide by national restrictions in the legal environment (e.g. prohibition of piecework in Germany) and traditional working habits in the socio-cultural environment to align its reward system to local standards (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). In Europe, it is forced to conduct a best fit approach abiding by local regulations and adjust to differing standards of motivation where workers value benefits like vacation over annual bonuses. 3.1.4 Employee participation The best fit approach is also utilized for the field of employee participation. The company possesses an open-door policy where employees can contact management directly. Flat hierarchies with minimal supervisory management lead to very low communication barriers and wide-opportunities for taking responsibility (Milgram Roberts 1995). Due to participation is one of the evaluation criteria for employee remuneration Lincoln has a very high workforce participation rate concerning continuous improvement suggestions. Similar continuous improvement and feedback programs are also pursued by Japanese companies like Nissan in order to enhance productivity (Erstand 1997). That not only encourages idea generation but also directly involves employees in major decisions like the turnaround after the economic crises (Hastings 1999). Although workers are not unionized a very lively participation with the management board takes place through the Employee Advisory Board leading to a very high level of workforce loyalty. The best fit participation approach supports the core competence and sustainable competitive advantage of productivity and innovative quality as major strategic objectives (Pfeffer 1995) 3.2 External and internal factors influencing Lincolns HR strategy 3.2.1 External factors Firstly, the legal environment both in Lincolns domestic market and international markets significantly influences the HR strategy. Regulations regarding the legality of piece-work systems, vacation requirements and working hour limitations force Lincoln to adapt HR practices in all fields elucidated in chapter 3.1. In the U.S. more performance driven and entrepreneurial HR approaches are possible whereas regulations in Europe, Asia and Latin America force Lincoln to adhere to adapt local HR practices (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). Secondly, Lincoln is affected by the cultural diversity of its operations again creating barriers for the introduction of performance driven measures in markets like Western-Europe and China. Whereas in the U.S. traditionally hierarchy is low and employee idea generation is common, Chinese culture is more subversive and critical idea generation practices will fail (Zhu 2005). Similarly hiring and training practices are different across cultures: The U.S. and Europe allow for the application of best practices in recruitment and training. In Asia Lincoln needs to align to the environment of conducting rather relationship oriented hiring and in-depth skill development (Warner 2005). Thirdly, different market maturity and industry-life-cycles between developed and developing markets affect Lincolns HR approaches with differences in hiring, training and workforce participation. 3.2.2 Internal factors The first major internal factor affecting Lincolns HRM is the life-cycle of the respective subsidiary. U.S. and Canadian operations have a historical presence with high levels of employee loyalty, trust, identification with the individual performance culture and a well attuned work organization and low hierarchies (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). Due to recent acquisitions and Greenfield investments in Europe and Asia loyalty and identification with the overall corporate objectives and working ethics is unincisive (Hastings 1999). Lincoln is challenged developing HR-approaches to create employee involvement and implement the performance driven internal values. Especially, immense discrepancies between the subsidiaries international managers and the U.S. headquarters management are major obstacles for the development of globally coherent HRM strategies which can enforce the overall companys performance (e.g. objections against incentive system, language barriers, management philosophies) (Hastings 1999). Lincolns executives do not possess the required international management skills and are very much minted by idealized U.S. practices. 3.3 Practical managerial lessons and broad implications for HRM practices Practical managerial HRM implications which can be drawn from the Lincoln case are the following. Lincolns HRM strategy is based on a best fit approach designed to achieve an optimal vertical fit with the overall corporate strategy with a strong alignment towards the competitive strategic objectives of employee productivity and product quality on the companys domestic American market (Basset 1999). Lincoln is immensely successful on the U.S. market because it matches HR approaches to corporate, competitive and functional level strategy to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage. Internationally, Lincoln is not able to transfer the U.S. model of best fit to its subsidiaries. Environmental factors like legal requirements and cultural differences make it impossible to use a system which is based on individual performance (Bjà ¶rkman Galunic 2003). Lincoln is limited in fitting its HR approach to what would be best for reinforcing its efficiency and quality driven competitive advantage. The Lincoln case illustrates that in a global context companies are influenced by a multitude of contingences. A universalist HRM approach within a MNC applying a certain bundle of HRM best practices will not render an optimal outcome for the entire organization (Sims 2007). According to Dowling et al (2008) International managers need to take a more detailed approach by identifying individual circumstances of national subsidiaries and fitting HRM strategies to achieve a mutual enforcement between local requirements and corporate strategy. For some a best practice approach might be a superior solution while for other subsidiaries only certain best practice elements (e.g. hiring, training, rewards etc.) might prove to be effective: In Europe Lincoln fails to develop any sort of HRM strategy which can satisfy the environmental requirements and reinforce its competitive differentiation strategy at the same time. Due to a lack of international knowledge Lincolns managers rely on the stat us quo (Hastings 1999). In Europe an introduction of best practice methods with a HPWS would have immediately allowed ensuring better control and performance in the newly acquired international subsidiaries through standardized practices (Maloney and Morris 2005). The best fit approach in Lincolns Chinese subsidiary incorporates lessons learned from the European failure: Lincoln is able to adapt HR strategy to environmental requirements of culture, legal requirements and the market and at the same time introduce best fit approaches in hiring and employee development to support its competitive strategy. The broader implication is that there is no single best way to approach HRM. Companies should design their approach according to elements of best practice and best fit to achieve the best possible outcomes. Studies conducted by Mendonca Kanungo (1994) and Cyert March (1963) show that the adaption of HRM approaches to local international environments is essential for companies leading to and adaption of processes and practices to fit with the local workforce. Successful MNCs like Unilever, Royal Dutch Shell and Nestlà © are those that conduct HRM strategies based on localized requirements incorporating elements from best fit and also standardized best practices (Briscoe Schuler 2004). In this context a localized resource-based HRM approach can be a good possibility to create synergies between internal competences with strategy and performance. 4. Conclusion To put everything under consideration, one can see that best fit and best practice approaches offer companies powerful tools for shaping human resource management processes. The case study has illustrated that an application of one bundle of best practice strategies across all geographies of MNCs, as proposed by Pfeffer (1998), is almost impossible because of regional differences in work-related practices, laws culture and characteristics of motivation. Similarly, sticking to a best fit strategy which is only aligned to the contingency of strategy and a neglect of environmental forces and internal capabilities can lead to a failure of HR in international markets. The case has shown that the concepts of best practice and best fit have to be analyzed and adapted to suit the localized needs of international subsidiaries in order to pave the way to overall global competitive advantages through HR.

Philippine Literature Essay

Consisted of early Filipino literature passed down orally; oral pieces have a communal authorship – it was difficult to trace the original author of the piece since oral literature did not focus on ownership or copyright, rather on the act of storytelling itself; – Many oral pieces became lost in the wave of the new literary influence brought about by the Spanish colonization; however, according to the Philippine Literature: A History & Anthology, English Edition (Lumbera, B. & Lumbera C. ), the pre-colonial period of Philippine literature is considered the longest in the country’s history; – Literature in this period is based on tradition, reflecting daily life activities such as housework, farming, fishing, hunting, and taking care of the children as well; – Oral pieces told stories which explained heroes and their adventures; they attempted to explain certain natural phenomena, and, at the same time, served as entertainment purposes; – Pre-colonial literature showed certain elements that linked the Filipino culture to other Southeast Asian countries (e. g. oral pieces which were performed through a tribal dance have certain similarities to the Malay dance); – This period in Philippine literature history represented the ethos of the people before the arrival of a huge cultural influence – literature as a cultural tradition, than a form of art that had a particular set of decorum.  · Early Forms of Philippine Literature: o Bugtong (riddles; a bugtong contains a metaphor called,Talinghaga), Salawikain (proverb); o Pre-colonial poetry – Tanaga (expresses a view or a value of the world), Ambahan (songs about childhood, human relationships, hospitality; sung by the Mangyan), Duplo (verbal jousts/games), Bayok (thoughts about love), Balagtasan (performed on stage); o Epic poetry – romantic heroes and heroines that are a reflection of the world as perceived by the early Filipinos.  · Notable Works of the Pre-colonial Period: o Tuwaang, Lam-ang, Hinilawod, Bantugan II. Spanish Colonial Period (Mid-16th – late 19th century) – The Spanish culture, as reflected in the works of this literature period, showed a clash with the pre-colonial Filipino literature in the beginning. However, due to the length of stay of the colonizers, the Spanish culture was eventually imbued in the Filipino literature of the period; – Religion became an important theme that had influenced the early Filipino writings which had the presence of paganism – â€Å"Christian Folk-Tale†; – In addition, the influence of religion, besides on the daily life of the natives, was lead by the friar/missionary/parish priest who were appointed by the Spanish government; – Despite the goal of the Spanish government to turn the country into a full-fledged European colony, the Spanish influence ironically inspired a reformation from the natives, which eventually turned into a revolution; – Yet regardless of the conflicts that plagued the relationship between the Spaniards and the Filipinos, a sense of nationalism was formed among the oppressed, and had caused them to rise up to a nationalistic cause; – The essay genre was recognized amidst the scene of editorial protest – Jose Rizal and Plaridel (Marcelo H. Del Pilar) were among those who opt in using the pen in voicing out the people’s cry instead of the sword; – Introduction of the roman alphabet that gradually replaced the ‘alibata’; – The Filipino literature of this period became the predecessor of many more literary works to come in the ages, wherein the theme of nationalism and freedom of speech would be evident.  · Philippine Literature and Art during the Spanish Period: o Pasyon and Sinakulo (religious dramas performed during the Holy Week); o Narrative Poems – Awit; Corrido; o Komedya – a theatrical performance which captured the ideal European lifestyle as portrayed by medieval characters  · Notable Works of the Spanish Period: o Doctrina Christiana (1593) – the first book ever published in the Philippines; printed by the Dominican Press; o May Bagyo Mat’ May Rilim – according to literary historian, Bienvenido Lumbera, is the first printed literary work in Tagalog; o Ang Mahal na Passion ni Jesu Christong P. Natin na Tola (1704) – eventually referred to as â€Å"Pasyon,† was written by Gaspar Aquino de Belen; an example of Christian folk epic in which the passion of Jesus Christ was written in relation with the plight of the Filipino people who were oppressed by the colonizers, as well as the values of a Filipino; o Ninay (1885) – first Filipino novel written; Pedro Paterno; o Florante at Laura – Francisco â€Å"Balagtas† Baltazar; though there are symbols and themes which dictate the protest of the Filipino against the Spanish regime, it is uncertain as to whether or not Balagtas had intended the issue – which was subtly derived from his work – since he left no notes or additional pieces that may affirm the conclusion; o Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891) – Jose Rizal; works which created an impact on the national consciousness and love for one’s country against the abusive government of the Spaniards; o La Solidaridad – Propagandist newspaper. III. American Colonial Period (Late 19th – Mid-20th century) – The gradual decline of the Philippine literature written in Spanish; – The English language eventually became the medium of writing and instruction in schools; – As the Spanish colonizers left the country in accordance with the Treaty of Paris, the spirit of nationalism and the desire to be acknowledged of independence did not disappear just yet. Instead, these uniting forces geared into revolting against the new colonizers; – During the American colonization period, Philippine literature reflected the ethos of its people under a new role. However, these day-to-day experiences under a new foreign influence, as well as sentiments, were expressed through the English language; – The Spanish ‘sarsuwela’ was eventually replaced by the ‘drama’; – One major influence of the American occupation on the Filipino literature is its refining in the context of the content and the form. Furthermore, because of this broadened knowledge on the field of literature through the education provided by the American government, Philippine literature has become more than a tradition formed by culture. It has become an art which succeeding poets, fictionists, and playwrights continue to build upon and enrich in every generation; – Beginning with Rizal’s use of social realism as one of the major themes for his two major novels, the literature during the American colonization also became an involvement, not just reflecting the Filipino experience – a strengthened sense of nationalism deeply rooted in the Filipino pride and culture; – Unlike in the Spanish colonization period wherein female writers (e. g. Gregoria de Jesus) were overshadowed by their more dominant, male contemporaries – as a result of the education only being provided to a selected and privileged few – during the American occupation, women have had their opportunity to enhance their talent by being educated on the craft. In addition, the growing popularity of works written by Filipina writers is the result of the growing audience appreciating literature by females.  · Philippine Literature and Art during the American Period: o Short Story o Poetry in English o Free Verse in Poetry o Drama  · Notable Works of the American Period: o Mga Agos sa Disyerto (1964) – Efren R. Abueg, Edgardo M. Reyes, Eduardo Bautista Reyes, Rogelio L. Ordonez and Rogelio R. Sikat; this short story anthology brought fiction into the age of modernism; o Ako ang Daigdig (1940) – Alejandro G. Abadilla; free verse poem; o Sa Dakong Silangan – Jose Corazon de Jesus; a poem written in the vernacular http://lourdesbraceros. weebly. com/a-brief-history-of-philippine-literature-in-english. html

Love: The Universal Constant

Some say that the idea of love in modern terms differs conceptually from that of earlier periods. That argument is demonstrably false. Although love has been characterized In many different ways throughout the ages, the fundamental Idea remains constant. No matter the eccentric personalities love Is entitled to, love Is what It Is. From a literary point of view, whether one reads the tender longing of Shop, the unattainable desire of Patriarch, or the whimsical prose of Dickinson, the message of love– despite its myriad of forms–remains the same.The concept of love particular to the piece of writing is equally a study of psychology, sociology and anthropology as it is a literary endeavor. As readers of literature, we do not learn anything intrinsically controversial about love across eras, but rather translate the timeless message of the many facets of love into literature and interpret its significance. The idea (or theme) of love does not change from text to text rega rdless of era, but rather has new traits tacked on as time progresses.In her poem Rich-dethroned Immortal Aphrodite, Shop describes an insatiable desire or a woman, the pain of her refusal, and the dejected plea for release from the obsessive pursuit. Love struck, Shop begs Aphrodite to make the woman hers. Shop can only imagine the unbearable pain and sickness of a crushed heart if otherwise. In another poem, He looks to me to be in heaven, Shop overwhelms readers with feelings that resemble butterflies in the stomach.The narrator of the poem has fallen in love with someone who â€Å"makes the heart leap in my breast;' for watching you a moment, speech fails me,† My tongue is paralyzed, at once a light fire nuns beneath my skin, [my eyes are blinded, and my ears drumming. † The concept of obsessive love Is again Illustrated Is James Jockey's poem Arab. The mall character seeks to profess his love to a young girl whom he has clearly fallen head over heels for. The loves ick lad claims that â€Å"a flood from my heart seemed to pour itself out into mossy. ,' I thought little of the future. I did not know whether I would ever speak to her or not org if I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration. ‘ But my body was like a harp/ and her words and gestures were eke fingers running upon the wires. † Similar to obsessive love, literature about love that is lost is just as timeless. The melancholy that pervades the text is palpable in Counted Culler's The Loss of Love. For example, the final lines: â€Å"l have no will to weep or sing,' No desire to pray or curse;' The loss of love Is a terrible thing,†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ They Ill who say that death Is worse. Simultaneously, In Patriarch's Canceller, Patriarch mourns the loss of his Laura. The unmistakable and undeniable sensation of loss and hopelessness is evident in both laddered, uncensored my life/ is totally, that night and day it weeps J weary without a helm in stormy seas/ on a dubious course with no true guide. † Then, there was Shakespearean Sonnet 57 that conveyed the realization that a fool in love is no more than a willing slave. The willing unwillingness of the speaker's love makes one marvel at the truth of its depiction and at the tortured psychology which forces loved into the anguish of such impossible situations. Being your slave, what should I do but tend. ‘ Upon the hours and times of your desire? I have no precious time to spend,] Nor services to do, till you require. /†¦. But, like a sad slave, stay and think enough/ Save, where you are how happy you make those. ‘ So true a fool is love that in you will,] Though you do any thing, he thinks no ill. Almost half a millennium later, Emily Dickinson poem To lose thee moves readers with the same flooding emotions of a helpless lover. â€Å"To lose thee, sweeter than to gain/ All other hearts I knew. ‘ is true the drought is destitute/ But then I had the dew!The Caspian has its realms of sand,] Its other realm of sea;' Without the sterile perquisite/ No Caspian could be. So we see, love is an ageless universal constant. The powerful emotions invoked by love obviously reveal no discernible difference in the impact it has had, regardless of when the work was composed. Because there is a certain knowledge that love is enduring through the centuries with all its accompanying emotions and crossing of philosophical and religious boundaries, there is nothing really to be â€Å"conjured† about love, but only added factors that are â€Å"discovered. â€Å"

American History X Tony Kaye Essay - 1651 Words

American History X (Tony Kaye. 1998), is an example of a Hollywood film that boldly embodies Bernardi’s argument; â€Å"US cinema has consistently constructed whiteness, the representation and narrative form of Eurocentrism, as the norm by which all ‘Others’ fail by comparison† (Bernardi page5). The plotline centres on the main character; a former neo-Nazi skinhead named Derek Vinyard, and his attempt to stop his younger brother- Danny Vinyard from getting involved in the white supremacy gangs of Los Angeles. The film is symbolic of aspects of European and American history; combining implications of both Nazi Germany and the reign of Adolf Hitler, with past and present US Neo-Nazism. American History X deals with controversial racial issues such as white supremacy and white privilege, the discrimination against people of colour, eurocentrism and the power of whiteness, through different cinematic mediations, film context and character framing. â€Å"What a ll contributions to this study of race in early cinema have in common is the grounding of their analysis in history† (Bernardi, page 10). Bernardi’s quote relates to how understanding the sociohistorical context of American History X is crucial to understanding how whiteness and eurocentrism is constructed in the narrative. The historical background of American History X dates back to the reign of the Nazi Party in Europe. After German defeat in World War I, Nazism arose and Neo-Nazi factions were established in countries all overShow MoreRelatedAmerican History X By Tony Kaye1130 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican History X American History X, directed by Tony Kaye, is one of the most controversial, critically-acclaimed movies of the twentieth century. The film is about a man named Derek who serves three-years in prison for murdering two African-American gang members who broke into his truck. Derek’s younger brother, Danny, tells the story of how Derek became this hateful, racist person through various flashback throughout the story. Danny and Derek’s father was killed by an African-American whileRead MoreAmerican History X By Tony Kaye1343 Words   |  6 PagesLet me introduce you to a world where colour matters, where if you are African American you can say goodbye to being a living soul, and you can definitely guarantee a brutal end to your life. 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It tells the story of all those who have ever overcame their prejudice feelings through the process of introspection and their proximity to those they are prejudice towards. Whi le the situations and character transformations presented within Tony Kaye’s filmRead MoreInfluences in Our Lives674 Words   |  3 Pagesand bulimic and her father was weird about food and her grandmother was always calling her fat. Her friends at the boarding school she attended would also influence her to lose more and more weight, too. (Hornbacher). In the movie American History X directed by Tony Kaye in 1998, Danny Vinyard was influenced by his father, Dennis Vinyard, and brother, Derek Vinyard, and his friends to become and pick up the cultures of a Neo-Nazis or skinhead. Friends and family will influence you to make bad decisionsRead MoreViolence Is Immoral And Wrong1954 Words   |  8 PagesSociety has been subjected to many violent acts over the course of its history. Although violence is immoral and wrong, somehow people everyday condone and commit violence for countless reasons. Many Hollywood films glorify mindless violence to their advantage and captivate aud iences through its entertaining shock value and rake large box office profits. Car chases, crashes and glorified gladiator sword fights are all familiar scenes in which violence is portrayed in an unrealistic glamorised mannerRead More American History X Essay1126 Words   |  5 Pages American History X nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Will racism ever come to an end or will its path go on infinitely? For the most part, the majority of people respect those who are different either in color, race, and/or heritage; however, there are those few that hold bigoted views towards people who are different than they are. The movie American History X by Tony Kaye displays an example of people who hold bigoted views. 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Casting: -Edward Norton (Derek Vinyard) -Edward Furlong (Daniel Vinyard) -Avery Brooks (Dr. Bob Sweeney) -Stacy Keach (Cameron Alexander) -Beverly DAngelo (Doris Vinyard) -Jennifer Lien (Davina Vinyard)